Prevalência de dores nas costas em adultos praticantes de atividade física: estudo de base populacional / Prevalence of back pain in adults practicing physical activity: a population-based study

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar a prevalência de indivíduos que praticam atividade física com dores nas costas e a prevalência de dores nas costas em cada modalidade de atividade física praticada por adultos. Foram utilizadas as informações dos indivíduos selecionados para responder o questionário individual da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS). A amostra do presente estudo foi composta 15043 indivíduos, com faixa de idade entre 18 e 59 anos de idade, praticantes de atividades físicas, que responderam todas as questões selecionadas. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada de maneira descritiva, para análise da prevalência de indivíduos adultos ativos fisicamente com dores nas costas e, ainda, entre os praticantes de cada modalidade de atividade física relatada, com as respectivas frequências e intervalos de confiança. Nos resultados foram apresentados valores de 2055 (15,9%) indivíduos adultos praticantes de atividade física com dores nas costas. A prevalência em mulheres (19,6%) e em adultos de meia idade (24,2%) tende a ser maior que em homens (12,0%) e em adultos mais jovens (12,6%), respectivamente. A caminhada foi a atividade mais procurada e a prevalência de dores foi de 20,3%. Outras atividades que podem trazer benefícios às dores nas costas apresentaram prevalências consideradas altas, possivelmente por serem procuradas para fazerem parte do tratamento. Por modalidades específicas de atividade física, os valores de prevalência de dores nas costas são variados quando a população é dividida em grupos por sexo e idade. Entretanto, não é possível estabelecer uma relação de causalidade entre estas atividades físicas e a dor nas costas devido limitações dos dados coletados. Os valores das prevalências observados neste estudo devem ser considerados importantes para reflexões acerca de atividades físicas adequadas e à prescrição e controle de exercícios. (AU)

The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of individuals who practice physical activity with back pain and the prevalence of back pain in each type physical activity practiced by adults. Individuals selected to answer the individual questionnaire from the National Health Survey (PNS) were part of the study. The sample consisted of 15043 individuals, aged between 18 and 59 years old, who practice physical activities, who answered all selected questions. The statistical analysis of the data was performed descriptively for the prevalences, with frequencies and confidence intervals, of adult individuals physically active with back pain and, also, among the practitioners of each type of physical activity reported.The results showed values for 2055 (15.9%) adult individuals physically active with back pain. The prevalence in women (19.6%) and middle-aged adults (24.2%) tends to be higher than in men (12.0%) and in younger adults (12.6%), respectively. Walking was the most sought after activity and the prevalence among practitioners was 20.3%. Other activities that can bring benefits to back pain had prevalences considered high possibly because they were sought as part of the treatment. By specific modalities of physical activity, the prevalence values of back pain are varied when the population is divided into groups by sex and age. However, a causal relationship is not possible between these physical activities and back pain due to limitations of the data collected. The pr evalence values found should be considered of concern, mainly for the indication of adequate physical activity and the prescription and control of exercises. The prevalence values observed in this study should be considered important for reflections on adequate physical activities a nd the prescription and control of exercises. (AU)

Composição corporal de adolescentes pós-púberes avaliada pela absortometria radiológica de dupla energia e relações com a idade cronológica / Body composition in post-pubertal adolescents measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and relationship with chronological age

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a composição corporal com utilização do DXA e correlacioná-la com a idade cronológica em adolescentes pós-púberes, de ambos os sexos. Participaram da pesquisa 46 adolescentes em fase pós-puberal, sendo 27 meninas (17,23±0,98) e 19 meninos (17,65±0,74) de ensino médio de uma escola estadual da Zona Sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizadas uma anamnese, avaliação antropométrica e o DXA para avaliações. O teste U de Mann Whitney e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foram utilizados, adotando P<0,05 para significância. Verificou-se que as meninas apresentam composição corporal diferentedos meninos (P<0,05) e que com o aumento da idade elas tendem a diminuir o percentual de gordura, embora tenha sido observado um quantitativo alto de meninas com percentual de gordura elevado. Os meninos apresentaram uma tendência de aumento do percentual de gordura e da massa magra com o aumento da idade. As medidas de conteúdo e densidade mineral ósseo dentro da normalidade, com tendência de aumento com o avanço da idade cronológica. Conclui-se que os grupos masculino e feminino apresentaram comportamentos diferenciados quanto à composição corporal e os valores apresentados trazem mais um complemento à literatura a respeito de referências para a composição corporal, obtida com o DXA, em adolescentes pós-púberes.

The purpose of this study was to analyze body composition using DXA and correlate it with chronological age in post-pubertal adolescents of both genders. A total of 46 adolescents participated in the study, of which 27 were girls (17.23±0.98) and 19 boys (17.65±0.74) from a state school in the South District in the city of Rio de Janeiro. An anamnesis, anthropometric evaluation and DXA were performed for evaluations. The Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation coefficient were used, adopting P <0.05 for significance. Girls were found to have a different body composition than boys (P <0.05) and that, with increasing age, they tended to present a decrease in fat percentage, although in general a high number of girls presented a high fat level. The boys presented a tendency to increase the percentage of fat and lean mass with the increase of the age. Measurements of bone mineral content and density were considered as being within normality, with a tendency to increase with the advancing of the chronological age. Girls and boys present a different behavior regarding body composition and the values presented in this study bring an addition to the literature regarding body composition references through DXA in post-pubertal adolescents.

Effects on Volume Load and Ratings of Perceived Exertion in Individuals' Advanced Weight Training After Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.

Lattari, E, Rosa Filho, BJ, Fonseca Junior, SJ, Murillo-Rodriguez, E, Rocha, N, Machado, S, and Maranhão Neto, GA. Effects on volume load and ratings of perceived exertion in individuals' advanced weight training after transcranial direct current stimulation. J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 89-96, 2020-The aim of this study was investigate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on volume load and ratings of perceived exertion. Fifteen young healthy individuals, aged between 20 and 30 years in advanced strength training were recruited. Test and retest of the 10 maximum repetitions (10RM) were performed to determine the reliability of load used. Subjects performed 3 experimental conditions in a randomized, double-blinded crossover design: anodic stimulation (a-tDCS), cathodic stimulation (c-tDCS), and sham (2 mA for 20 minutes targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex left). Immediately after the experimental conditions, subjects completed 1 set of maximum repetitions with 10RM load (volume load) and answered to OMNI-RES (poststimulation) (level of significance p ≤ 0.05). The volume load showed main effect for condition (F(2, 28) = 164.801; p < 0.001). In poststimulation, a-tDCS was greater than c-tDCS (p ≤ 0.001) and sham (p ≤ 0.001). For ratings of perceived exertion (OMNI-RES), the results showed main effect for condition (F(2, 28) = 9.768; p ≤ 0.05). In poststimulation, c-tDCS was greater than a-tDCS (p ≤ 0.05) and sham (p ≤ 0.05). We conclude that the use of a-tDCS may promote increase in volume load for the LP45 exercise. Moreover, higher volume loads are necessary to maximize muscle strength and anabolism.

Validity of Skinfold Equations, Against Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, in Predicting Body Composition in Adolescent Pentathletes.

PURPOSE: Body composition of adolescent athletes is often evaluated scientifically and in sports by using reference equations developed from nonathlete adolescent populations. The aim of this study was to analyze the validity of predictive equations based on skinfold measurements, as compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), to estimate body fat in adolescent modern pentathlon athletes. METHODS: 51 athletes, 27 male (mean age = 15.1 years; standard deviation, SD = 1.5 years) and 24 female (mean age = 14.2 years; SD = 2.5 years), were assessed using DXA, anthropometric parameters, sports practice anamnesis, and pubertal stages. Agreement between methods was tested with boxplots of mean comparisons using Student's t test (p < .05), and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: The body density equations of Durnin & Rahaman (1967) and Durnin & Womersley (1974) showed better agreement with DXA than the other predictive equations, for both females (difference between means=-2.03; 2SD = 8.44) and males (difference between means = 0.98; 2SD = 7.30). There were no mean differences between these equations and the reference method (DXA; p > .05), but they did display high variability (2SD). CONCLUSION: The high variability among results indicated imprecision. Predictive skinfold equations developed for nonathlete adolescents do not offer good validity for modern adolescent pentathlon athletes, and should be avoided.

COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL DE PENTATLETAS ADOLESCENTES AVALIADA COM A ABSORTOMETRIA RADIOLÓGICA DE DUPLA ENERGIA / BODY COMPOSITION OF ADOLESCENTS PENTATHLETES ASSESSMENT USING THE DUAL ENERGY X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY

RESUMO Os objetivos do estudo foram elaborar referências e analisar as características da composição corporal de atletas adolescentes de pentatlo moderno nos sexos feminino e masculino, por meio do DXA, em diferentes fases da puberdade. Participaram 48 atletas adolescentes praticantes de pentatlo moderno, sendo 21 meninas (14,67±2,35) e 27 meninos (15,15±1,51 anos). Em atletas do sexo feminino o percentual de gordura foi considerado alto no grupo de púberes; o aumento da massa magra e a estabilidade da gordura corporal, em púberes avançados e pós-púberes, são efeitos decorrentes dos efeitos do treinamento de pentatlo moderno. Os atletas masculinos apresentaram alterações comuns na composição corporal durante todas as fases da puberdade. A avaliação do BMC e BMD parecem pertinentes as adolescentes na mesma fase da puberdade praticantes de outras modalidades esportivas no masculino e feminino, demonstrando impacto positivo do treinamento.

ABSTRACT The aims of the study were to elaborate references and analyze the characteristics of body composition of adolescent modern pentathlon athletes in female and male, through DXA at different pubertal stages . A total of 48 adolescent athletes practitioners of modern pentathlon, 21 girls (14.67 ± 2.35) and 27 boys (15.15 ± 1.51 years). In female athletes the percentage of fat was considered high in pubescent group; increased lean body mass and the stability of body fat in advanced pubescent and post-pubescent, are effects of the practice of modern pentathlon training. Male athletes showed changes in body composition that are common during the puberty. The evaluation of BMC and BMD in male and female seem appropriate to adolescents at the same stage of puberty practitioners of other sports, demonstrating the positive impact of the training.

Impacto do destreinamento na antropometria de adolescentes pentatletas / Impact of detraining on anthropometry of adolescent pentathletes / Impacto del desentrenamiento en la antropometría de adolescentes pentatletas

INTRODUÇÃO: A caracterização do perfil antropométrico ao fim da fase de treinamento competitivo e após o destreinamento decorrente da fase de transição pode auxiliar a elaboração de estratégias que beneficiem pentatletas adolescentes no retorno ao treinamento. OBJETIVO: Analisar o impacto do destreinamento, originado pela fase de transição, na antropometria de adolescentes pentatletas. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 16 meninos (15,12 ± 1,77 anos) e 10 meninas (14,57 ± 2,40 anos) praticantes de pentatlo moderno. A adesão à dieta específica no período de destreinamento foi avaliada por profissionais especializados. No fim das fases competitivas e de transição, foram avaliadas a maturação sexual e as variáveis antropométricas. RESULTADOS: Valores percentuais demonstram que meninas tendem a aderir mais à dieta do que meninos. Diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) entre os períodos foram observadas somente no sexo masculino, nas variáveis massa corporal (0,003), estatura (0,000), somatório de dobras cutâneas (0,033) e na mesomorfia (0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A massa corporal, o somatório de dobras cutâneas e a mesomorfia parecem ter sofrido impacto negativo do destreinamento. O aumento da estatura parece estar associado ao pico de velocidade da estatura. Em meninas, a tendência de aderirem mais à dieta pode ter contribuído para a não identificação de alterações antropométricas. .

INTRODUCTION: The characterization of the anthropometric profile at the end of competitive training phase and after detraining due to the transition phase can aid the development of strategies that benefit adolescent pentathletes on return to training. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of detraining caused by the transition phase on anthropometry of adolescent pentathletes. METHODS: The sample consisted of 16 male adolescents (15.2 ± 1.77 years) and 10 female adolescents (14.57 ± 2.40 years), all practitioners of modern pentathlon. The adherence to specific diet in the detraining period was evaluated by specialized professionals. At the end of competitive and transition phases, sexual maturation and anthropometric variables were evaluated. RESULTS: Percentages show that female adolescents tend to adhere more to the diet than male adolescents. Significant differences (p<0.05) between periods were observed only in males in the following variables: body mass (0.003), height (0.000), sum of skinfolds (0.033) and mesomorphy (0.001). CONCLUSION: Body mass, sum of skinfolds and mesomorphy appear to have suffered negative impact of detraining. The increase in height is associated to the peak height velocity. In females, the trend to follow the diet more strictly may have contributed to the failure to identify anthropometric changes. .

INTRODUCCIÓN: La caracterización del perfil antropométrico al fin de la fase de entrenamiento competitivo y después del desentrenamiento proveniente de la fase de transición puede auxiliar en la elaboración de estrategias que beneficien a pentatletas adolescentes en el retorno al entrenamiento. OBJETIVO: Analizar el impacto del desentrenamiento, originado por la fase de transición, en la antropometría de adolescentes pentatletas. MÉTODOS: La muestra fue compuesta por 16 niños (15,12 ± 1,77 años) y 10 niñas (14,57 ± 2,40 años) practicantes de pentatlón moderno. La adhesión a la dieta específica en el período de desentrenamiento fue evaluada por profesionales especializados. Al fin de las fases competitivas y de transición, fueron evaluadas la maduración sexual y las variables antropométricas. RESULTADOS: Valores porcentuales demuestran que las niñas tienden a adherir más a la dieta que los niños. Fueron observadas diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) entre los períodos solamente en el sexo masculino, en las variables masa corporal (0,003), estatura (0,000), sumatoria de pliegues cutáneos (0,033) y en la mesomorfia (0,001). CONCLUSIÓN: La masa corporal, la sumatoria de pliegues cutáneos y la mesomorfia parecen haber sufrido impacto negativo del desentrenamiento. El aumento de la estatura parece estar asociado al pico de velocidad de la estatura. En las niñas, la tendencia de adherir más a la dieta puede haber contribuido para la no identificación de alteraciones antropométricas. .

A menarca e seu impacto nas qualidades físicas de escolares / The menarche and its impact on schoolgirls' physical qualities / Impacto de la menarquía en las capacidades físicas de escolares

Objetivos Analisar a idade de ocorrência da menarca em escolares de Angra dos Reis/RJ e o comportamento das qualidades físicasem diferentes períodos da puberdade, utilizando a menarca como referência da maturação sexual. Métodos A amostra constou de 232 meninas com idades entre 10 e 16 anos divididas em quatro grupos de acordo com a maturação sexual. Após a entrega da anamnese referente à menarca foram marcados os dias dos testes motores para avaliar a qualidades físicas força explosiva de membros inferiores, velocidade de corrida, flexibilidade e consumo máximo de oxigênio absoluto e relativo. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva para avaliar a idade da menarca; a ANOVA one way e a correlação de Pearson (p<0,05) foram utilizadas para analisar o comportamento das qualidades físicas de acordo com o período da menarca. Resultados A idade da menarca foi 12,23±1,2 anos e diferenças significativasentre os grupos foram encontradas nas qualidades físicas força explosiva de membros inferiores, velocidade de corrida e consumo máximo de oxigênio absoluto e relativo. Conclusões A ocorrência da idade da menarca foi condizente com a de estudos realizados no Brasil. Durante a puberdade a força explosiva de membros inferiores e a velocidade de corrida aumentam, o consumo máximo de oxigênio absoluto aumenta com tendência de queda dois anos após a menarca e oconsumo máximo relativo apresenta declínio durante a puberdade.(AU)

Objectives Ascertaining the age when the menarche occurs in school girls living in Angra dos Reis/RJ and the pattern of physical qualities in periods during puberty using the menarche as the benchmark for sexual maturation. Methods The sample consisted of 232 10-to16-year-old girls, divided into four groups according to sexual maturation. Following an interview during which the onset of the menarche was recalled, motor tests were scheduled for assessing physical qualities, lower limb power, running speed, flexibility and relative and absolute maximum oxygen consumption. Descriptive statistics were used for assessing the age of onset of the menarche; one-way ANOVA and Pearson's coefficient of correlation (p<0.05) were used for analyzing the physical qualities' pattern according to the onset of the menarche. Results The onset of the menarche was set at 12.23±1.2 years; significant differences were found regarding lower limb power, running speed, absolute and relative maximum oxygen consumption. Conclusions The occurrence of the onset of the menarche agreed with other studies carried out in Brazil. Lower limb power and running speed were seen to increase during puberty, absolute maximum oxygen consumption increased (tending to decline two years after the menarche) and relative oxygen consumption decreased.(AU)

Objetivo Analizar la edad de la menarquía, como una referencia de la maduración sexual de los escolares en Angra dos Reis/RJ, con respecto a las capacidades físicas en las diferentes etapas de la pubertad. Métodos La muestra se conformó con 232 niñas en edades comprendidas entre 10 y 16 años, divididos en cuatro grupos en función de la maduración sexual. Después de la entrevista, se aplicó un test de motricidad para evaluar las capacidades físicas, con base en la fuerza explosiva de miembros inferiores, la velocidad de carrera, la flexibilidad y el consumo máximo de oxígeno relativo y absoluto. Para evaluar la edad de la menarquía con respecto al comportamiento de las capacidades físicas, se utilizaron estadística descriptiva, ANOVA de una vía y la correlación de Pearson (p<0,05) Resultados La edad de la menarquía fue de 12,23±1,2 años y se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos, con respecto a la fuerza explosiva de miembros inferiores, la velocidad de carrera y el consumo máximo de oxigeno relativo y absoluto. Conclusiones El papel de la edad de la menarquía estuvo de acuerdo con estudios realizados en Brasil. Durante la pubertad, la fuerza de miembros inferiores y la velocidad de carrera aumentan, el consumo máximo de oxígeno absoluto aumenta con tendencia a la baja dos años después de la menarquía y el consumo máximo relativo disminuye.(AU)

Physical exercise and morbid obesity: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Physical exercise is an important component for the treatment of obesity. Little information is available about the best and safety form of physical exercise concerning the type and volume-intensity to be prescribed for individuals with morbid obesity. AIM: To investigate the effect of physical exercise programs in medical and surgical treatment for morbid obesity. METHODS: Was used the systematic search model by databases of the Virtual Health Library in "Science in General Health" (Medline, Lilacs and Ibecs) and PubMed using the following headings: morbid obesity, severe obesity, grade 3 obesity, exercise and physical activity. Were selected papers that used physical exercise programs as an intervention in the treatment for morbid obese patients and those who were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Were selected 13 articles. Eight were conducted with individuals in clinical treatment, one in patients awaiting bariatric surgery and four in the postoperative period. It was observed that all selected studies used aerobic activities and six also included strength exercises on their programs. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic and strength exercises programs proved being important components in the treatment of morbid obesity. Special care when establishing the volume-intensity exercise is required for adherence to treatment, and a proposal for a valid individualized exercise programs.

[The menarche and its impact on schoolgirls' physical qualities]. / A menarca e seu impacto nas qualidades físicas de escolares.

OBJECTIVES: Ascertaining the age when the menarche occurs in school girls living in Angra dos Reis/RJ and the pattern of physical qualities in periods during puberty using the menarche as the benchmark for sexual maturation. METHODS: The sample consisted of 232 10-to 16-year-old girls, divided into four groups according to sexual maturation. Following an interview during which the onset of the menarche was recalled, motor tests were scheduled for assessing physical qualities, lower limb power, running speed, flexibility and relative and absolute maximum oxygen consumption. Descriptive statistics were used for assessing the age of onset of the menarche; one-way ANOVA and Pearson's coefficient of correlation (p<0.05) were used for analyzing the physical qualities' pattern according to the onset of the menarche. RESULTS: The onset of the menarche was set at 12.23 ± 1.2 years; significant differences were found regarding lower limb power, running speed, absolute and relative maximum oxygen consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of the onset of the menarche agreed with other studies carried out in Brazil. Lower limb power and running speed were seen to increase during puberty, absolute maximum oxygen consumption increased (tending to decline two years after the menarche) and relative oxygen consumption decreased.

Exercício físico e obesidade mórbida: uma revisão sistemática / Physical exercise and morbid obesity: a systematic review

INTRODUÇÃO: O exercício físico é importante componente do tratamento da obesidade. Poucas são as informações sobre o melhor e mais seguro tipo de exercício e o volume-intensidade a ser prescrito para indivíduos com obesidade mórbida. OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos de programas de exercícios físicos no tratamento clínico e cirúrgico da obesidade mórbida. MÉTODO: Foi utilizado o modelo sistemático de pesquisa através das bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde nas "Ciências em Saúde em Geral" (Medline, Lilacs e Ibecs) e PubMed, utilizando os seguintes descritores: morbid obesity, severe obesity, grade 3 obesity, exercise, physical activity. Foram selecionados estudos que utilizaram programas de exercícios físicos como intervenção no tratamento de obesos mórbidos que estavam de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 13 artigos, dentre os quais, oito foram realizados com indivíduos em tratamento clínico para a obesidade, um em pacientes aguardando a cirurgia bariátrica e quatro no período pós-cirúrgico. Observou-se que todos os estudos selecionados utilizaram atividades aeróbicas e seis inseriram em seus respectivos programas os exercícios de contra-resistência. CONCLUSÕES: Programas de exercícios físicos aeróbicos e resistidos mostraram ser importantes componentes no tratamento da obesidade mórbida. Cuidados especiais no momento da determinação do volume-intensidade de exercícios físicos são necessários para a aderência ao tratamento, sendo válida proposta de programas de exercícios individualizados.

INTRODUCTION: Physical exercise is an important component for the treatment of obesity. Little information is available about the best and safety form of physical exercise concerning the type and volume-intensity to be prescribed for individuals with morbid obesity. AIM: To investigate the effect of physical exercise programs in medical and surgical treatment for morbid obesity. METHODS: Was used the systematic search model by databases of the Virtual Health Library in "Science in General Health" (Medline, Lilacs and Ibecs) and PubMed using the following headings: morbid obesity, severe obesity, grade 3 obesity, exercise and physical activity. Were selected papers that used physical exercise programs as an intervention in the treatment for morbid obese patients and those who were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Were selected 13 articles. Eight were conducted with individuals in clinical treatment, one in patients awaiting bariatric surgery and four in the postoperative period. It was observed that all selected studies used aerobic activities and six also included strength exercises on their programs. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic and strength exercises programs proved being important components in the treatment of morbid obesity. Special care when establishing the volume-intensity exercise is required for adherence to treatment, and a proposal for a valid individualized exercise programs.